The humanity has accomplished colossal progress in course of time, notably over the past two centuries consequent to industrial revolution, harnessing the splendid inventions and discoveries of science and technology in diverse frontiers. It has provided ultramodern lifestyles and brought the world to a new high of civilisation.
Technological advancements have brought about massive production of manufactured goods by overutilisation of natural resources to meet the ever-expanding material demands of the exploding population. The major sources of energy generation being the fossil fuels like coal, petroleum and natural gas, there has been unrestrained emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Further, unsustainable modes of development have brought about unforeseen detrimental consequences and degradation of environment.
