Low visibility and sub-optimal performance of windshield wiper in rain might have well triggered visual illusions for the pilot, resulting in erroneous distance and depth perception as the ill-fated Air India Express plane crashed at the Kozhikode airport last year.
Besides, steep authority gradient prevented the pilot monitoring to make assertive call outs and take actions as per the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP), becoming a major contributory factor for the accident.
These are among the findings of the Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (AAIB) report that delved into the accident on August 7 last year when the Boeing 737-800 aircraft overshot the table top runway and fell to a depth of about 110 feet below the runway elevation and broke into three pieces.