Many infrastructure development projects in India have faced implementation challenges, leading to significant cost and time overruns. According to data published by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (Mospi), as of July 2023, of a total of 1,646 central infrastructure projects costing Rs 150 crore and above, 809 were running behind their original schedules, with an average delay of over 37 months. Further, there is an anticipated cost overrun of 19 per cent at aggregate level with anticipated project cost of Rs 28.6 trillion versus original estimated cost of Rs 23.9 trillion.